The UEFA Intertoto Cup, also abbreviated as UI Cup and originally called the International Football Cup, was a summer football competition for European clubs that have not qualified for one of the two major UEFA competitions, the Champions League and the UEFA Cup. The competition was discontinued after the 2008 tournament. Teams who originally would have entered the Intertoto Cup directly enter in the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League from this point.
The tournament was founded in 1961–62, but was only taken over by UEFA in 1995.
Any club who wished to participate had to apply for entry, with the highest placed club (by league position in their domestic league) at the end of the season entering the competition. The club didn't necessarily have to be ranked directly below the clubs which had qualified for another UEFA competition; if the club which was in that position did not apply, they would not be eligible to compete, with the place instead going to the club which did apply.
The cup billed itself as providing both an opportunity for clubs who otherwise would not get the chance to enter the UEFA Cup and as an opportunity for sports lotteries (or pools) to continue during the summer. This reflects its background, which was as a tournament solely for football pools. In 1995 the tournament came under official UEFA sanctioning and UEFA Cup qualification places were granted. Initially two were provided; this was increased to three after one year; but in 2006 it was again increased to the final total of eleven.
History
The Intertoto Cup was the idea of the later FIFA vice president and founder of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Ernst B. Thommen, and the Austrian coach, Karl Rappan, who coached the Swiss national team at the 1938 World Cup and the Austrian national team at the 1954 World Cup. The "cup for the cupless" was also heavily promoted by the Swiss newspaper Sport. It derived its name from Toto, the German term for Football pools.
Thommen, who had set up football betting pools in Switzerland in 1932, had a major interest in having purposeful matches played in the summer break. UEFA were initially disinclined to support the tournament, finding its betting background distasteful; nevertheless they permitted the new tournament but refrained from getting officially involved. Clubs which qualified for one of the official continental competitions, such as the European Champions Cups and Cup Winners Cup, were not allowed to participate.
The first tournament was held in 1961 as the International Football Cup (IFC). Initially the Cup had a group stage, which led to knock-out matches culminating in a final. By 1967 it had become difficult to organize the games, and so the knock-out rounds and the final were scrapped, leaving the tournament without a single winner. Instead, group winners received prizes of CHF10,000-15,000.
By 1995 UEFA had reconsidered its opinion, took official control of the tournament and changed its format. Initially, two winners were given a place in the UEFA Cup. The success of one of the first winners FC Girondins de Bordeaux in reaching the final of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup encouraged UEFA to add a third UEFA Cup place in 1996.
Many clubs dislike the competition and see it as disruptive in the preparation for the new season. As a consequence they do not nominate themselves for participation even if entitled. In particular, following its 1995 relaunch, clubs in England were skeptical about the competition; after initially being offered three places in the cup, all English top division teams rejected the chance to take part. Following the threat of bans of English teams from all UEFA competitions the situation was eventually resolved with three English clubs entering weakened teams, and none of them qualifying.
In following years UEFA made it possible for nations to forfeit Intertoto places. For example, in 1998 Scotland, San Marino and Moldova forfeited their places, and England, Portugal and Greece forfeited one of their two, Crystal Palace being the sole English entrant despite finishing bottom of the Premiership. Other clubs have built upon their success in the UI Cup, following it up with great campaigns in the UEFA Cup. Furthermore UEFA reject this assertion that the tournament is disruptive. They point out that in the 2004–05 season two of the three 2004 Intertoto Cup winners went on to qualify for the Champions League.
In December 2007, following the election of new UEFA president Michel Platini, it was announced that the Intertoto Cup would be abolished as of 2009. This was a part of a range of changes that were to be made to the UEFA Cup/Champions League System. Instead of teams qualifying for the Intertoto Cup they will now qualify directly for the Qualifying Stages of the UEFA Europa League, which will be expanded to four rounds to accommodate them.
Format
When the competition was taken over by UEFA in 1995, the format was both a group stage and a knock-out stage; 60 teams were split into 12 groups of five with the 16 best teams then contesting the knock-out stage with two-legged ties at each stage, the two winning finalists qualifying for the UEFA Cup. In 1996 and 1997 just the 12 group winners entered the knock-out round, with now three finalists advancing. Nations were allocated places according to their UEFA coefficients, much as with other UEFA tournaments.
The group stage was scrapped for the 1998 tournament, which became a straight knock-out tournament, with clubs from more successful nations entering at a later stage. This arrangement lasted until 2005.
From the 2006 tournament the format for the Cup changed. There were three rounds instead of the previous five, and the eleven winning teams from the third round went through to the second qualifying round of the UEFA Cup. For the first time since the 1960s, there is provision for an actual trophy — whichever sides go furthest in the UEFA Cup will each be awarded a trophy. The first winners were Newcastle United, who won the 2006 tournament outright by going further in the UEFA Cup 2006–07 than the other ten qualifiers.
Only one team from each national association will be allowed to enter. However, should one or more nations not take up their place, the possibility has been left open for nations to have a second entrant. Seedings and entry are determined by each association. Teams from the weakest federations enter at the first round stage, while those from mid-level federations enter in the second round, and those from the strongest federations enter in the third round.
The tournament was founded in 1961–62, but was only taken over by UEFA in 1995.
Any club who wished to participate had to apply for entry, with the highest placed club (by league position in their domestic league) at the end of the season entering the competition. The club didn't necessarily have to be ranked directly below the clubs which had qualified for another UEFA competition; if the club which was in that position did not apply, they would not be eligible to compete, with the place instead going to the club which did apply.
The cup billed itself as providing both an opportunity for clubs who otherwise would not get the chance to enter the UEFA Cup and as an opportunity for sports lotteries (or pools) to continue during the summer. This reflects its background, which was as a tournament solely for football pools. In 1995 the tournament came under official UEFA sanctioning and UEFA Cup qualification places were granted. Initially two were provided; this was increased to three after one year; but in 2006 it was again increased to the final total of eleven.
History
The Intertoto Cup was the idea of the later FIFA vice president and founder of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Ernst B. Thommen, and the Austrian coach, Karl Rappan, who coached the Swiss national team at the 1938 World Cup and the Austrian national team at the 1954 World Cup. The "cup for the cupless" was also heavily promoted by the Swiss newspaper Sport. It derived its name from Toto, the German term for Football pools.
Thommen, who had set up football betting pools in Switzerland in 1932, had a major interest in having purposeful matches played in the summer break. UEFA were initially disinclined to support the tournament, finding its betting background distasteful; nevertheless they permitted the new tournament but refrained from getting officially involved. Clubs which qualified for one of the official continental competitions, such as the European Champions Cups and Cup Winners Cup, were not allowed to participate.
The first tournament was held in 1961 as the International Football Cup (IFC). Initially the Cup had a group stage, which led to knock-out matches culminating in a final. By 1967 it had become difficult to organize the games, and so the knock-out rounds and the final were scrapped, leaving the tournament without a single winner. Instead, group winners received prizes of CHF10,000-15,000.
By 1995 UEFA had reconsidered its opinion, took official control of the tournament and changed its format. Initially, two winners were given a place in the UEFA Cup. The success of one of the first winners FC Girondins de Bordeaux in reaching the final of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup encouraged UEFA to add a third UEFA Cup place in 1996.
Many clubs dislike the competition and see it as disruptive in the preparation for the new season. As a consequence they do not nominate themselves for participation even if entitled. In particular, following its 1995 relaunch, clubs in England were skeptical about the competition; after initially being offered three places in the cup, all English top division teams rejected the chance to take part. Following the threat of bans of English teams from all UEFA competitions the situation was eventually resolved with three English clubs entering weakened teams, and none of them qualifying.
In following years UEFA made it possible for nations to forfeit Intertoto places. For example, in 1998 Scotland, San Marino and Moldova forfeited their places, and England, Portugal and Greece forfeited one of their two, Crystal Palace being the sole English entrant despite finishing bottom of the Premiership. Other clubs have built upon their success in the UI Cup, following it up with great campaigns in the UEFA Cup. Furthermore UEFA reject this assertion that the tournament is disruptive. They point out that in the 2004–05 season two of the three 2004 Intertoto Cup winners went on to qualify for the Champions League.
In December 2007, following the election of new UEFA president Michel Platini, it was announced that the Intertoto Cup would be abolished as of 2009. This was a part of a range of changes that were to be made to the UEFA Cup/Champions League System. Instead of teams qualifying for the Intertoto Cup they will now qualify directly for the Qualifying Stages of the UEFA Europa League, which will be expanded to four rounds to accommodate them.
Format
When the competition was taken over by UEFA in 1995, the format was both a group stage and a knock-out stage; 60 teams were split into 12 groups of five with the 16 best teams then contesting the knock-out stage with two-legged ties at each stage, the two winning finalists qualifying for the UEFA Cup. In 1996 and 1997 just the 12 group winners entered the knock-out round, with now three finalists advancing. Nations were allocated places according to their UEFA coefficients, much as with other UEFA tournaments.
The group stage was scrapped for the 1998 tournament, which became a straight knock-out tournament, with clubs from more successful nations entering at a later stage. This arrangement lasted until 2005.
From the 2006 tournament the format for the Cup changed. There were three rounds instead of the previous five, and the eleven winning teams from the third round went through to the second qualifying round of the UEFA Cup. For the first time since the 1960s, there is provision for an actual trophy — whichever sides go furthest in the UEFA Cup will each be awarded a trophy. The first winners were Newcastle United, who won the 2006 tournament outright by going further in the UEFA Cup 2006–07 than the other ten qualifiers.
Only one team from each national association will be allowed to enter. However, should one or more nations not take up their place, the possibility has been left open for nations to have a second entrant. Seedings and entry are determined by each association. Teams from the weakest federations enter at the first round stage, while those from mid-level federations enter in the second round, and those from the strongest federations enter in the third round.
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